N-Acetyl Cysteine
(NAC) is cysteine and a sulfhydryl group, enabling it to interact
with disulfide bonds. The mucoprotein disulfide bonds are strengthened
by NAC, making for a better mucous layer in the pulmonary system
and intestinal tract.
Another
remarkable aspect of NAC is that it serves as a nutritional precursor
for the synthesis of glutathione1,2. Reduced glutathione is the body's primary antioxidant.
This makes NAC an excellent antioxidant.
There
is no known toxicity to NAC.
NAC
supplementation may benefit:
- Liver Disease - protects against liver toxins
- Pulmonary diseases and chronic bronchitis - cleans harmful debris out
of the lungs
- Detoxification - enhances several areas of the body's detoxification
system
- Enhanced glutathione levels - glutathione is the body's number one antioxidant
How NAC Works:
Cysteine
is an amino acid that is closely related to cystine. (Cystine is
two cysteine molecules combined together.) Cysteine is a sulfur-containing
amino acid. It is important in helping with the formation of keratin
and in enhancing keratin's strength. (Keratin strengthens beaks,
nails, feathers, hair, and skin.) It is a vital component of the
detoxification pathways of the liver and intestines. It is also
a free-radical scavenger and antioxidant. The antioxidant properties
are largely due to its ability to bind with an acetyl group, becoming
N-acetyl-D-cysteine (NAC). NAC seems to function by increasing the
available levels of reduced glutathione3. Glutathione
is the body's most important antioxidant.
A
lot of interest has been generated in this fact. It is well understood
that optimal levels of antioxidants will prevent aging, cancer,
degenerative disease, and organ damage. Because of this, nutritional
medicine has long sought ways to increase reduced glutathione levels.
Glutathione is available as a supplement but it is expensive and
may not be absorbed intact through the intestines when taken orally.
All antioxidants, including the inexpensive ascorbic acid, will
increase levels of reduced glutathione. The question becomes, which
product is most cost effective? The only answer that seems clear
is that supplementation with reduced glutathione is not the most
cost effective method.
Western
medicine has been using NAC as an agent to enhance and moisten the
mucous layer in the respiratory system. A fluid mucous layer literally
sweeps out debris from the lungs. One product used in medicine is
called Mucomyst, which is pure NAC administered by the use
of a nebulizer. NAC seems to be just as effective at breaking down
mucous when given orally, and the cost becomes less than the use
of a product like Mucomyst.
We would recommend
you consider using NAC for:
- Animals
that live in homes with smokers
- Animals
with chronic coughs
- Animals
that have been diagnosed with respiratory disease
- As
a part of a detoxification program
- Liver
disease; for liver disease, also see:
- Dogs
- Hepagen C, click here (then
use your web browser's back button to return to this page)
- Cats
- Hepagen F, click here (then
use your web browser's back button to return to this page)
- Tylenol
or acetaminophen toxicity
- Other
liver toxins, including aflatoxin poisoning (for
information on aflatoxin poisoning click
here)
- Inflammatory
conditions, including arthritis, degenerative joint disease, Inflammatory
Bowel Disease, and Colitis.
NAC Injections:
NAC
can also be given by injections. It works to decrease inflammation,
provide sulfur which is very beneficial to arthritic joints, and
helps detoxify the body. At the Chaparral Animal Health Center,
NAC is commonly given in combination with NAG. To read about NAG,
click here.
Dosage
(orally, can be placed in food):
Dogs:
- 1/4
capsule for each 20 lbs. body weight (can be placed in food)
Cats:
- 1/4
capsule daily (can be placed in food)
Birds:
- 1/32
capsule for each 500 gram body weight
- Place
a pinch in soft foods twice daily
Ferrets:
- 1/8
capsule in food once daily
1.
Corcoran GB. Mitchell JR. Mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine
in the protection against the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in
rats in vivo: Studies with NAC in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther
238:54-61, 1986.
2.
Meyer A, Buhl R, Magnussen H. The effects of oral NAC on lung glutathione
levels in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 7:431-436,
1994.
3.
Corcoran GB, Wong BK. Role of glutathione in prevention of acetaminophen-induced
hepatotoxicity by N-acetyl cysteine in vivo: Studies with N-acetyl
cysteine-D-cysteine in ice. J Pharm Exp Ther 238:54-56; 1986.
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